Sunday, November 24, 2013

The Cyclical Food Reward Diet: A Theory

Carb cycling is nothing new; in fact, I've actually suggested a form of carb cycling previously on my blog.

This method, however, is not the only way to reveal one's six pack.

I've been mulling over the idea of food reward lately, and I've been particularly intrigued with the concept of using food choice to lower a person's defended homeostatic level of body fat.

In short, I want to find a diet that will allow for a person to achieve a fully defined six pack without the hassles of calorie counting.  I want my diet, or rather my internal homeostatic system, to do all the work for me, and I mean all the work (of course I'll still do the work of lifting weights and whatnot).

There are of course numerous factors that influence our desire to eat (1), but is it possible that these factors could somehow be manipulated so as to create a "six pack inducing environment?"

I believe such a diet can be created, and I'm already on the trail of some important clues.

I've mentioned previously the concept of a satiety index (2), and through further research, I've yet arrived at more detailed conclusions.

I at first decided to take a closer look at the satiety index itself so as to ascertain exactly which foods were the most satiating of all those tested.
The Satiety Index
All are compared to white bread, ranked as "100"
Each food is rated by how well it satisfied their hunger.
Tip: If you want to lose weight, avoid the LOWER numbers!
Bakery ProductsCarbohydrate Rich Foods
Croissant47%White bread100%
Cake65%French fries116%
Doughnuts68%White pasta119%
Cookies120%Brown Rice132%
Crackers127%White rice138%
Snacks and ConfectionaryGrain bread154%
Mars candy bar70%Wholemeal bread157%
Peanuts84%Brown pasta188%
Yoghurt88%Potatoes323%
Crisps91%Protein Rich Foods
Ice cream96%Lentils133%
Jellybeans118%Cheese146%
Popcorn154%Eggs150%
Breakfast CerealsBaked beans168%
Muesli100%Beef176%
Sustain112%Fish225%
Special K116%Fruits
Cornflakes118%Bananas118%
Honeysmacks132%Grapes162%
All Bran151%Apples197%
Porridge/Oatmeal209%Oranges202%
* The higher the % the more satiating the food.

Unsurprisingly, cake, doughnuts, & croissants (they're just so flaky and delicious!) were the least satiating. Note however, that cookies turned out to be more satiating than bananas and "healthy cereals" like Special K.

Interestingly, dietary fat seemed to yield no additional satiety.  Rather, protein, fiber, and water content were most associated with higher levels of satiety.  Other evidence seems to corroborate this (3).

The top 5 most satiating foods were, 1) potatoes (they were boiled in the experiment); 2) fish; 3) oatmeal; 4) oranges; & 5) apples.

What I found most interesting, besides the fact that potatoes were so filling, was how much more satiating fish was in comparison to other protein sources.  If fact, numerous studies seem to confirm the higher satiety value of fish in comparison to other animal sources of protein (45).

In contrast to fish, however, beef (particularly grass fed beef from free range cows), may perhaps be better suited, in comparison to other animal sources of protein, for building muscle (6).

With these theories regarding fish and beef in mind, I think it may prove effective to "cycle" the consumption of these two protein sources.  On rest days when one would typically eat fewer calories so as to focus on fat loss and the reduction of inflammation (7), fish would be the chief source of protein (ideally, you should stick with wild caught fatty fish so as to ensure a better ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids (89)).  On the day's that weight training occurs, beef would serve as the primary source of protein.  Since beef seems to be less satiating than fish, and is purportedly more conducive to muscle growth (especially given the higher levels of naturally occurring creatine and conjugated linoleic acid found in beef; substances proven to be highly beneficial for muscle building and general health (1011)), it may prove prudent to eat it on the day's you weight train when you would want to consume more calories and nutrients in order to facilitate muscle growth.

In terms of starches, I think plain potatoes, or likely even plain sweet potatoes, would be the perfect source of carbs on rest days.  On workout days, white rice would be the best option in my opinion, not only because it's only about 40% as satiating as potatoes (meaning you'll have an easier time eating greater amounts of it), but, moreover, white rice offers fewer dietary issues than either wheat products or brown rice (12131415, &c., I could list studies for days).

You of course should eat plenty of green and non-starchy vegetables throughout the day.  They're incredibly nutrient dense and sparse in calories; factors that seem to be associated with higher levels of satiety.

Fat, in my opinion, is best suited to being consumed throughout the day with protein and non-starchy vegetables.  The protein and fiber you derive from these meals will promote short term and long term satiety, and, while fat seems to have no effect on short term satiety, fats may prove beneficial for long term feelings of fullness* (1617).  Additionally, using fat rather than starches during the day for fuel will help promote better focus and fewer swings in blood sugar (18).  Fat, of course, is still incredibly easy to over-consume in the short term (I've found myself at the bottom of one too many peanut putter jars in my day to say otherwise), so I think it's best to eat your fat in controlled amounts in conjunction with protein.  Moreover, using fat sources such as butter, coconut oil, and olive oil (rather than roasted and salted nuts or nut butters) will go a long way in preventing any unfortunate binge episodes from occurring (at least in my experience).

That's it for today.  This is still a work in progress, but one day we will have a fully synthesized cyclical food reward diet (otherwise known as a CFRD**)

* Bountiful research on the long term satiety of fat is somewhat lacking.
** I'm not very creative.

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